Evaluating Noise in Passive Beamforming Networks for Multibeam Applications

In this letter, we identify that the analysis in terms of noise multibeam passive beamforming networks requires a proper formulation, order not to overestimate generated by network. We show inherent spatial diversity offered type results an improvement signal-to-noise ratio, similar one obtained digital architectures, with penalty due insertion loss. To illustrate phenomena, two generalized equivalent circuits are proposed numerical example is presented.